Color chart or scale.



No. 82mm, Y 'if 'HTENTBD JUNE 2s, 3996; 'i

A. H. MUKSELL.

@BLOB CHART on SCALE.

APPLIGTIOE PILE) JUNE 5, 186i 2 SBSTS-SHBRT l.

lll

lUNTE) SIATES PATENT @Frio-Ei.

COLOR CHART R SCALE.

Specicat'ion of Letters Patent.

Pumped .rune 26, 1906;

Application file/l June 6.1905. Serial No. 263.775.

Be it known llnit l, ALBERT ll. l\'lUNsi-1i.|.., L citizen of thc United States, residing at Brookline, in the county nl .Norfolk and Stilte of llfisssscl'msctts, lmvc invsntcd new rind' useful lmprovcnicnts in Color Charts or Scales, of which thc following is :1. specification.

My in vent-ion consists of :i system of clisrts in which sll colors with their degrees of hue and their various degrees of strength and light found in pigments are displayed in a logical and convenient order and are expressedby symbols and u )on which may he added and displayed the nos of merrily-disV covered pigments and their degrees of light and strength in the same order or sequence without disturbing the prexisting arrangei ment.

The object of mv invention to provide s standard color scale or measure Yhy means of which the three well-known constants or qualities ol colnr--namelyy,y huc, value or luminosity, and puritjlr of chroma-may he cxpressed by signs or symbols for the purpose of readily communicating the idee of a given de ree of each from one person to another Wit out exhibiting s specimen thereof.

In the accompsnying draifvings= illustraning my invention, Figure) 1s si perspective view of e book of charts embodying my system. Fig. 2 is afplan View ol' one of thc charts, as No. 7, displaying all the colors -of the spectrum in a common degree of value and in different degrees of liuc and chrome.

v 3 is a modification of 'the lorin of the chart shown in Fig. 2 and displaying the colors of the spectrum in a common degres of value and in various degrees c'f' hue' and chroma. Fi 4 is one of my charts dis playvarious lues Vin a common degree of ioins and in various degrees of value.

ferent degrees of Value and chromen.v Y The hue varios in chroma according to Ythe .amount of coloring-matter possessed, :ind it Varies in value according to the amount nl;

arrangement ci ny charts to know that the ides is suggested by the form of a spherical solid subdivided thro'ugh thc equator and in parallel lanes thereto, forming; thin disks, one of wliich is illustrated by Fig. 2 and assumed to be located in the plans of the Fifi'. -5 is a chart displaying a common liuc 1n difi equator and displaying thereon a. complete circlc mail@ by the mixture of the primary i colors in the middle value-that is, midway i between black and white, as determined by photometric ineasuremcntwt being a8.- snnicd that pure whitei located :it the north polo and black at the soith pole and thtthe l chsrts displaying `lighter values 'ssntmt represented by Fig. 2 located at the equator scrrsspend to the planes above =this eqiator and are arranged in regular order, increasing in value by re lar gradation from the equal tor to the nortn pole sindk that theA charts dislsyin darker values represent the planes @este below the equator sind diminish in value in re fuiar grsdation from the equator to the sont i pole.

Fig. 2 represents a sheet of heavyV :ipery cardboard, or other suitable material on which are described concentric rings or bands of different hues, c c d ef. Each band or ring is divided radially into sections of equalY one hue of the'spectrurn-circuit'of't e pri mary colors of the spectruml 'as shown by the printed Words thereon. The colors are arranged u on the band in the sequence produced byliringing the ends of aspectrum-band together and converting it into an annular ring. The outer band e displa s the spectrum colors in! their greates degree of the arts and industries. n thelnext'smaler bsndd theV colors are weaker than those 1in the band ef and those'in c are weaker .thon those in d, and so on, diminishing in strength VterA The bands are so related'tofench other that all the divisions of a given oolorle. in the saine sector', and. thus in a given sector will be oiin s sin fle color which isstrong'st in the cote; blind` and gradually"V diminishes in strength from hand to bitnil until it. 4disa peers et the center, thusexhiiitin all t `e degrees of chroma of that; color wiich are known in pi ments.

Tirs nove ty of my errengeirent ofY one system by displ .yin on one chsrtrthe colors ric instrnrnents .than snpplementin such cha-rt with others dlspaymg on each t e` colors cf the spectrum m a common degree' area, and on erich of said scctionsis slillaiyd of the spectrum 1n t le middle vaine between white and black as detcrminedy photomtf i chroma., as' new found in igments in usc in A by uniform gradation until the color dissappears or becomes neutral at the common celii 'resides chiefly in establishing sga-sisfor my value in uniform gradationfrom the chart of middle value throu h all the lighter values to white and op osite y throughlall the darker,

values to bla y I am notaware that in any previous at-.

tempts to produce coloi` charts or scales this arrangement has ever been made. The development of this idea enables meto produce charts which display a given hue of color in various degreesof 'value and chroma rogressing uniormly'rom ure White to b ack and from thefstrongest egree of chroma to' "thawweakesti AFor exampl'e assumin ."a spherical solid toA be penetrated with co 'r- 5 'ing-matter soitlhat when subdivided through the plane "'tlie'equator and `in planes `parcoloargdspifaces would be disan' up dtiier 'charts o -li hter and hvaluep ris'pondiug. to snes pary I.b'eore describe Then if 'esubdvided into hemis heres 4hernia herfwete subdiyided radiallyr at right im' tdthe'equator the surface of each latter chart asvwouldresult from the 'subdivisions of a spherical solid, as it is obvious that other I I forms AWpuld accomplish the saine result with vmore or 'less' 'convenience of arrangement.' Forinstance, the charts may be rectangular in'forinfsucl'iv as would be suggestedrby sub: dividiug'ja` cubic solid penetrated with col'or- Y ingmatter after the samegeneralidea as that escribed'n `reference to the s herical solid. or illustration, referrin to i 3, which y re resents arectangular c art wit the colors '-o the s y, train displayed thereon in their' natural Vequerlcet may be assumed to rep resent" asubdivision of a cubic solid lcut the andiiottom surfaces thereof and havingedisplayedlithereonrthe spectrum colors in a grec of ,value midwayl between black and white, as determined b photometric instruments; and that this orms the basic chart corresponding to the chart shown in Fig. 2. Let us then assume that the top surfac of the cubic solid dis lays pure white and the o'bottoln surface b ack and that charts are foriied by "subdivisions of the cubic solid cut throughplanes parallel to the plane on which 3 is subdivided 'and abov'e the latter and that the. surface of each subdivision displays 6.5 the spectrum colors in the same order as Fig.

scribed as re resented inV 4 scribed.

`to be aboveA ascribed, the ei'ect disp ayed upon a lgivensurface would be various degrees of ees-.of 4value and the `chroma than any other c pigments.

th'lugh a-*iidrizontal plane midway between 3, each. having a common degree of value and displaying lighter` values in uniform` gradation between the chart illustratedby Fig. 3 and the top surface of the solid and assuming also that below the plane illustrated by Fig. 3 the solid is cut on ai'allel lanes and that the subdivisions so ormed isplay on their surfaces the colors ofv the spectrum in the same order as Fig. 3, each having a common Adegree of value and graded uniformly to black from the center to the lower surface. It is obvious that irregular solids may be subdivided upon the same general plan roducing disks of various shapes and still' is laying the colors after the order describe and which is novel to my system. In order to produce the charts displaying colors of a com- .mon hue and varying in ldegrees of value and chroma, if the same were made by subdivisions of `a cubic solid the same would be cub in lanes at right angles to the subdivisions orming the charts which display the colors a common value, as above de It is also ap arent that by subdi- `viding the cubic solid iagonally, assuming it en etrated with colorin -matter, as

eaohq'uality of color and progressing .uniformi" from one extreme to the other. Re e'l'i'ing` to Fig'. 2, section f represents a. stronger degree of red than that displayed in the band c; It stands alone, because red is found 'inA pigmentso eater strength or dirci', and the band to which red, belongs in its greatest degreefof chroma, as shown 'at fj therefore, cannot be completed `on my chart until other c olors of the same de ree of chroma are discovered in yhe plan is t6 add to the chart, section by section as the igmentsare produced in the marlret, an to identify such additionsl by' reference letters, numerals, or symbols, in accordance4 with the system of notation herein described-for instance, to' 11o` indicate the next addition to f as g. This illustrates my plan of adding to each "colora section of greater strength' to corre'- s ond to a newly discovered pigment, 'so t at a com lete colorscale or standard will 1:5 be provide containing all the hues and their; various degrees of value and strength in use. The colors may be printed `or painted upon the sheet of cardboard, or colored materials may be attached thereto for the purpose of izo dis layinlg the colors;

Flic co ors may be arran cdupon the chart in the manner shown in i 2; but other ,forms may be employed Wliic are within the scope of my invention. In Fig. 3 vIhave 125 shown one modification of the form of chart in which the sections of color are arran ed i'n parallel bands instead of in the form .o con`` centric rings; Referring to Fig. 3, the parallel bands, a, b, c, and e display colors of the 3o.

Y :o Ytem if extending tb L grrtign to this prrirse numb@ Gf dvismns Y Ytha ilstraied in Fig. 2,

-ing ther greet-ions dis '1g n ngi existing arrangement or dsm tem of notation,

Fo converenee range the charts in i" 3o shown in Fi in w; ae shown svem Ychfts bou if; a. emfer H., E havre Shi tas fhats therein, asund as@ prefer if; arder md mamme? i Y Y ex 3Q ith@ @they by means Ymi' abe Symbols Signs or symbqkg he he specimen marked (5," he 5113 smvs usimf n n; and thi! specimen is then fr? funi ibis ,f nmnnerwdwturi wir fy system; Y A

to Fig. 5, it is obvus ilmia sel-sl dsraying une hug ami vavalue and chnma be pmsystem of notation, kai g.

and measured upun th@ digi im the. purpose af ii@ ige of aue m16 chiama, and when dm ined the #5gg-1 se expressed in th Sy ubs dis- ;afye un auch shaft. prncipe of having the same degree of valueor luminotation would also apply to charts corrcl s ioniling to planes Formed obliqucly to the cliarts representing horizontal planes.

It will be seen that by this invention there is furnished a system ol' charts on cach oi which the colors are oll a common level with reference to the value they possess or the dcgrec ol' light which they reflect and extending through the whole range l'roin white to xthick. rihis division ot' colors or arrangement of i charts is purely arbitrary` and has for its object special u1 ility in the iniinst rial arts. For instante. il? one desires to nuitch a given color the value oi' the specimen that he desires to l match can be readilyr determined by the use olr u. photoniotcr, which having been ascertained thi` operator will know to just what level of values in the charts this s iecimcn belongs. For example. il" it` should happen to be en exert middle value between black and i white it would belong to the chart represented bythe plane of the equator, tlentchart havin r already been measured photiunetrically an csteblishcd et the middle value, as above stated. i he operator then having determined that the specimen is ofthe same value as the chart at the equator, which may be called "titty degrees or designated in any other way, places the specimen upon the chart and by careful] moving it over it and comparing it with t e various subdivisions of hue will he able to match, the same with reat precision as to the other two qualities o hue and chroma which are displayed. As the surface of thechart is subdivided into hues and degrees of strength and each ot' the suhdivisions numbered or indicated by sonic symbol. when the operator finds the subdivision which exactly matches his specimen he is then able to communicate to another erson iossessing a similar chart b means o the symbol en exact idea-of the egree of hue,

` are displayed the colors of t strength, and value ossessed b his specimen, and thereby to lave it dup icated. It will be seen that in this way ersons possessing d nplicnte charts who are ocated in difierent parts of the country or the world may be able to describe to each other in writing their precise ideas concerning colors.

`Wlnit l claim, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is@

1. A color chart upon which are displa ed the colors ol the spectrum, all of saidco ors nosity.

2, A system oi charts upon oneof which 1re displayed the colors of the s ectrum ell of said colors exhibiting the mid e degree of value between white sind black, and upon each of the others ot' which are displayed the colors o' the spectrum in a common degree of value, and which together exhibit a uniform gradation of value from said middle degree of value to pure White.

on one of which 1e s ectrion all of said colors exhibiting the mi dle de ree of value between white and black, an upon cach of thc others of which are displayed theV colors di the spectrum in a common degree of 3. A system of charts u value and which together exhibit a uniform gradation ot value l'rom said middle degree of value to black.

4. A system oi' charts upon one of which are displayed the colors of the s ectrum, all of said colors exhibiting the mid le degree 0f value between white and black, and upon cach of the others of which are displayed the colors of the spectrum in a common degree of value and winch together exhibit a uniform gradation of value from White to black. v

5. -A system of charts upon one of which are displayed the colors ofthe s ectrufn nl ot' said colors exhibiting the mi die de ee of value between -white and black, am?r upon each of the others of which are displayed the colors of the spectrum in a common degree of value, and which together exhibit a uniform gradatinn of value .from white to black, and the several degrees of hue, valuerand chroni played thereon en notation for said charts.

6. A color chart consisting of a ycircle divided into sectors of equal area, eachsector having one of the colors of the spectrum described thereon; all of said colors being of the same value and each color being displayed in its greatest degree of .chromaat the circumference of the circle and graded regularly in chroma toward the center to a neutral ra 7. A color chart consisting of a circiia divided into sectors of equal area, each sector having one of thc. colors ot' the spectrum dcscribed thereon, all of said colors being of the same value and each color beingdisplayed in' its greatest degree of chroma at the circumference of the circle and graded regularly in chroma toward the center to a neutral each of said colors being divided into its degrecs of hue by radial lines and into degrees of chroma by concentric rin S.

8. A pack or series of co or charts bound together, each having thereon colors of the same value but of various ues and degrees of strength, each chart exhibiting a. different degree of value from the others, the chart at the center of ,the pack Vhearing a. medium value, the charts on one side thereof bein of a lighter value, and thoseupon the other ein gr of darker value.

9. AA pack or series of color charts bound together, each having thereon colors of the same value but of various degrees of hue and degrees of strength, each chart having a different color value from the` others, the chart at the center of the park having n medium value, thc charts on one side thereof being of gray,"

. 9 being indicated repectlvclyiby symbols constitutingA a systemrol" IIO ' Y 'ter to the Qppsite atuaige.V

ALBERT 1I. ALBPLAELL.Y 

